Power System Design & Reliability Concepts For Data Centers




What you'll learn
Learn core principles for optimal data center design, including defining functionality needs and initial power system considerations.
Explore power system resilience principles, grid connection strategies, and emergency power plant design for MV and LV distribution systems.
Identify critical inputs like uptime, IT process criticality, service continuity levels, electrical rack needs, and cooling load considerations.
Examine redundancy topologies (N, 2N, N+1) and innovative UPS solutions for handling grid interruptions and ensuring high availability.
Understand key factors in load balance calculations and how they impact the accuracy of data center electrical designs.
Learn about MV and HV grid connection options, HVMV substation operations, and specifying transformers and equipment.
Study emergency power plant design, generator connections, redundancy strategies, and generator monitoring/testing practices.
Explore MV topologies, switchboard technology, protection systems, MV Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS), and power monitoring techniques.
Understand LV distribution alternatives, UPS configurations, battery systems, and optimizing main LV switchboard and distribution design.
Learn methods for optimizing reliability, availability, and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) during data center operations.
Requirements
This course is designed for Professionals with foundational knowledge and experience in electrical engineering, particularly in the following areas
Familiarity with Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) electrical systems, including design, protection, and control mechanisms.
Basic knowledge of MV/LV switchgear, transformers, and power distribution architecture.
Knowledge of electrical protection schemes like overcurrent protection, generator protection, and synchronization checks.
Experience with energy metering, power quality monitoring, and diagnostic-based maintenance approaches.
Awareness of the importance of monitoring and manual operations in ensuring continuous operation and maintaining system reliability.
Basic knowledge of the role of backup generators in maintaining cooling, heating, and ventilation for critical applications like data centers and healthcare facilities.
Description
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the conceptual electrical design considerations crucial for modern data centers. With a focus on high-level strategies rather than detailed design practices, students will gain a solid understanding of the principles required to design resilient, efficient, and scalable power systems tailored for critical data center applications. The course covers the foundational aspects of data center design, including defining functionality requirements, evaluating power system resilience, and considering redundancy strategies.Students will learn about key design inputs such as uptime requirements, IT process criticality, service continuity levels, cooling loads, and modularity. The course also delves into advanced topics like grid connection strategies, UPS system technologies, generator reliability, and MV/LV power distribution architectures. Emphasis is placed on comparing redundancy topologies (e.g., N, 2N, N+1), optimizing load balance, and integrating innovative design features for both medium and low-voltage systems.Through this course, participants will develop a comprehensive understanding of how to optimize data center electrical designs while balancing reliability, scalability, and total cost of ownership (TCO). While the course focuses on conceptual design considerations, it lays the groundwork for making informed decisions critical to ensuring high availability and performance in data center environments. Detailed design tasks such as equipment sizing, calculations, and software simulations are outside the course scope.
Overview
Section 1: Introduction
Lecture 1 Designing an Optimal Data Center
Lecture 2 Defining Data Center Functionality Requirements​
Section 2: Preliminary Considerations for Power System Design​
Lecture 3 Power System Resilience Principle​
Lecture 4 Grid Connection Substation​
Lecture 5 Emergency Power Plant Considerations​
Lecture 6 MV and LV Distribution Considerations​
Section 3: Design Inputs
Lecture 7 Uptime Requirements​
Lecture 8 Determining IT Process Criticality​
Lecture 9 Types of Power System Failures​
Lecture 10 Levels of Service Continuity for Data Centers​
Lecture 11 Electrical Characteristics of Server Racks​
Lecture 12 Underloading in Data Center Power Systems​
Lecture 13 Cooling Loads Considerations​
Lecture 14 Building Loads and Critical Auxiliaries​
Lecture 15 Modularity and Scalability​
Lecture 16 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)​
Section 4: Architecture Resilience
Lecture 17 Architecture of HV/MV Grid of a Country​
Lecture 18 Grid HV Level Fault Handling and Restoration​
Lecture 19 Grid MV Level Fault Handling and Restoration​
Lecture 20 Grid Supply Reliability Performance Variability​
Lecture 21 Grid Connection Based on Data Center Power Needs​
Lecture 22 Backup for Short Grid Interruptions​
Lecture 23 Types of UPS technologies​
Lecture 24 Innovations in UPS Technologies for Data Center
Lecture 25 Setting UPS Energy Storage Autonomy​
Lecture 26 Backup for Long Grid Interruptions​
Lecture 27 N Redundancy Topology​
Lecture 28 2N Redundant Topology​
Lecture 29 N+1 Redundant Topology​
Lecture 30 N + 1 Distributed Redundant Topology​
Lecture 31 N+1 Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) Unit Topology​
Lecture 32 N+1 Block Redundancy Using IT Redundancy​
Lecture 33 Understanding Full Redundant Power Systems in Data Centers​
Lecture 34 Planned Maintenance Shutdown of Double‐Corded Server​
Lecture 35 Topology Comparison​
Section 5: Load Balance Calculation in Electrical Design​
Lecture 36 Load Balance Calculation in Electrical Design​
Lecture 37 Key Considerations in Data Center Load Balance Calculation​
Lecture 38 Other Factors Affecting Load Flow Accuracy​
Lecture 39 Equipment Specification in Data Center Design​
Section 6: Grid Connection Substation
Lecture 40 Connection to the MV Grid​
Lecture 41 Examples of MV Grid Connection Alternatives​
Lecture 42 MV Protection Selectivity​
Lecture 43 Close Transition MV Generator Power Plant to Grid​
Lecture 44 Connection to the HV Grid​
Lecture 45 Examples of HV Grid Connection Architectures​
Lecture 46 Operation of HV/MV Substations​
Lecture 47 HV Substation Technology for Voltages Above 50kV​
Lecture 48 Benefits of On-Site HV/MV Substation​
Lecture 49 Strategies to Decrease Short-Circuit Current at MV Level​
Lecture 50 Key Parameters for Specifying HV/MV Transformers​
Lecture 51 Selecting MV Equipment Rated Voltage​
Lecture 52 Early Initiation of HV Interconnection Process​
Section 7: Backup Generator
Lecture 53 Key Points in Designing Emergency Power Plant​
Lecture 54 Generator Connection​
Lecture 55 Comparison Generator Connection at LV vs. MV Level​
Lecture 56 Generator Reliability for Critical Applications​
Lecture 57 Redundancy of Other Equipment in Power Plant​
Lecture 58 Maintaining Availability Generator Monitoring and Testing​
Lecture 59 Close Transition Vs Open Transition​
Lecture 60 LV Generator Starting Sequence​
Lecture 61 Defining Load Impact for Each Project​
Lecture 62 MV Generator Power Plant Starting Sequence​
Lecture 63 Transformer Inrush Current​
Lecture 64 Generator Power Rating​
Lecture 65 Specifying Generator Power Rating for Data Centers​
Section 8: MV Power System Design
Lecture 66 MV Power System Design Considerations​
Lecture 67 MV Distribution Topologies​ (Generators at LV Level)
Lecture 68 MV Distribution Topologies​ (Generator at MV Level)
Lecture 69 MV Switchboard Technologies​
Lecture 70 Selecting MV Circuit Breaker Short-Circuit Breaking Current​
Lecture 71 Selecting the Best Switchgear Range​
Lecture 72 MV/LV Transformers​
Lecture 73 HV/MV Transformer Neutral Earthing ​
Lecture 74 Earthing Alternatives for MV Backup Generators​
Lecture 75 Generator Protection
Lecture 76 Cable Protection
Lecture 77 Transformer Protection
Lecture 78 MV Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)​
Lecture 79 MV Power Monitoring​
Section 9: LV Power System Design
Lecture 80 Load Specificities Impact on LV Power System Design​
Lecture 81 IT Racks​
Lecture 82 Cooling Loads​
Lecture 83 LV Distribution Alternatives with Classical Static UPS Technology​
Lecture 84 Risk of Overvoltages During ATS Switching​
Lecture 85 Distribution from Main LV Switchboard to Server Racks​
Lecture 86 Main LV Switchboard Architecture​
Lecture 87 Importance of the Main LV Switchboard in Data Center Distribution​
Lecture 88 LV Devices and Enclosure​
Lecture 89 Key Specifications Influencing LV Switchboard Design​
Lecture 90 Typical Main LV Switchboard Features for Data Center Applications​
Lecture 91 Key Elements for Optimizing LV Distribution and Main LV Switchboard Design​
Lecture 92 Classical Architecture of 3-Phase UPS System for Data Centers​
Lecture 93 Possible UPS System Configurations​
Lecture 94 Key Parameters for Optimizing UPS System Design​
Lecture 95 Selecting the Optimal UPS Product Scalability and Granularity​
Lecture 96 UPS Reliability and Availability Performance​
Lecture 97 Power System Energy Efficiency of UPS​
Lecture 98 Selecting Input LV Circuit Breaker (CB) for UPS​
Lecture 99 UPS Battery System​
Lecture 100 Battery System Design Steps​
Lecture 101 UPS Load Bank Testing​
Lecture 102 Static Transfer Switch (STS)​
Lecture 103 UPS Short Circuit Response​
Lecture 104 Fault Scenarios in a Typical Parallel UPS Architecture​
Lecture 105 LV Protection Discrimination vs. Switchboard Safety​
Electrical Engineers and Designers: Seeking to enhance their knowledge in medium and low voltage power system design, protection, and reliability analysis, particularly in data center and industrial applications.,Data Center Operators and Facility Managers: Interested in optimizing system reliability, scalability, and total cost of ownership through advanced monitoring, maintenance strategies, and failure analysis considerations.,Consultants and Project Managers: Working on large-scale infrastructure projects, who need a holistic understanding of power distribution, redundancy strategies, and energy efficiency to deliver optimized solutions.,Maintenance Teams and Site Operators: Responsible for maintaining high-availability environments, with a focus on manual operation skills, emergency response, and predictive maintenance practices.,System Reliability Analysts: Looking to deepen their understanding of reliability assessments, contingency analysis, and the impact of design decisions on system performance and downtime.



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